Adding-machine.



l. H. BAIR. name came.

APPiICATIQI HLED HOV. 15, I913- Patented Jam 2,;1917.

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J. H. BAIR.

ADDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION man nov. 15. 1913.

Patented J an. 2, 1917.

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mm; a. run, 01' rnILmELrkiA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR 'ro srmm ADDING .MACHINE COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, 'A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

Specification of Letters ratent.

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' Patented Jan. 2, 191?.

Application filed November 1! 1918.. Serial No; 801,254.

' To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, JOSEPH H. BAIR, a citizen of the United States, residing'in the city of Philadelphia; county of Philadelphla, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and Improved Adding-Machine, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to calculating machines and-the object is to provide an inexpensive portable machine that is rapid and accurate and easily operated and applicable to many uses, as fully set forth hereinafter, and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure I. is a three quarter perspective view of my addingmachine. Fig. II is a right side elevation with the cover or housing removed. Fig. III is a longitudinal sec tion through the machine looking from right side showing the left side mounting frame in background. Fig. IV is the arbor containing a spiral row of pins by means of which the carrying is done. Fig. V is a front view of one of'the adding wheels. Fig. VI is an inside view of a latch, connected with the carrying box, showing thereon small, mallet shaped latches and their reciprocating springs. Fig. VII shows the inside View of the forward part of the carrying box the lates being shown upside down as right and eftsides are made to correspond to these sides in Fig. VI. Fig. VIII shows a small detail portion of an adding wheel. Fig. IX shows a cam piece inside the carrying box Which serves to set a wheel to be carried forward one unit. Fig. X is a right end View of the carrying box; and Fig. XI is a section on line XI-XI of Fig. X.

In Fig. I, showing the complete machine, 1 is the baseboard upon which it is mounted, 0 is the cover, 7 are the adding wheels with teeth 2 thereon, by means of which they are actuated by the operator. Wheels 7 have flanges 9 (see Figs. V and VIII) or laterally projecting rims upon which are the numerals 10 in series 0 to 9. Said numeral wheels 7 have hubs 87 and spokes 22 (Fig. III) and are mounted, side by side on transverse shaft 26. The-wheels (Figs. I, II and III) have the toothed part of the upper front quadrant exposed so that the operator can engage any one of these teeth on any one of the wheels with his finger and pull it down against the stop 16. The rims 9 carrying the numerals 10 on numeral wheels. 7 have over them sector plates 3 (Figs. I and III) which are continued upward from the front housing plate 24 and bent in at 16 to form an offset for the finger. From 16 up these sector plates 3 are separated by parallel slits to allow'the disks 7 of the numeral wheels to project through.

Sector plates 3 overlie and conform to the number bearing rims 9, which they cover; except that at their upper free end, one space on the rim is left exposed, as at 21, (see I and III) for reading the totals. Sector 3 has u on it large numerals 11 beginning at 1 below and ending at. 9 above. These numerals 11 are placed opposite the cogs or teeth 2 and indicate the num-' ber of units the numeral wheels 7 will be advanced by engaging cog 2 opposite any given number 11 and pulling it down until your finger abuts against 16. The small figures 12 are the complements of the large ones 11 on indicator plates 3. They are used in sub traction, by pulling down therefrom one more than the amount to be subtracted. These indicator plates can be colored e. g. first two to therlght white (nickel), to represent cents columns, the next three yellow (brass or copper) to represent units, tens and hundreds of the whole number columns and the next three to the left white' (nickel) for the thousands, etc., as indicated in Fig. I. In a whole number machinethey would be, beginning at the right, three of one color, etc.

Numeral wheel 7 with teeth 2 and rim 9 has a number 10 opposite each tooth 2 on rim 9 (or opposite each space between each two teeth), there being as many numbers 10 onrim 9 as there are teeth 2 on disk 7. For: every series of numerals 0 to 9 on rim first, to engage with the finger as the rest of the teeth to advance the wheel; second, to step it up in the carrying operation, and to hold it yieldingly; third, to clear the machine (which operation I shall describe presently) and fourth to set the carrying mechanism, i. e. when any wheel has advanced The holding me0hanism.The adding or" numeral wheel 7 is held, yieldingly, in any position it is left by means of a wide, flat plate 84 (Fig. III). This plate is mounted on a cross shaft 30 by means of two ears 30" which have holes to engage the shaft 30. The free end 83 resting between the teeth 2 against the wheel 7 is curved in the manner shown so as to allow the backward or forward movement of wheel 7. The pressure on the wheelv and the rigidity with which it is held is determined by the length of the power arm 84 and the strength of the spring 85. Instead of the curved contacting end 83 rollers may be used.

The clearing mecha'nism.13 is a transverse bar passing across the front of the machine. It has two longitudinal arms 23 passing along the sides to the center transverse shaft 26 upon which the numeral wheels 7 rotate and upon which it turns by means of said arms 23 and disks 27. Cross bar 13 is pulled upward turning on shaft 26 by means of finger tab 14 at each side. (Figs. I and II.) Its excursion is limited to a quarter revolution. Just back of bar 13 is cross bar 15 parallel to it and pivoted at 19 to arms 23 (Figs. I, II and III). trated in Fig. III has a right angle bend which,-when bar 13 is down, rests against the front 24 and continues and widens the ledge 16 which serves as a stop for the finger pulling down the disks 7 by means of the teeth 2. The inward bent, or ledge part of cross bar 15 has notches 17 cut out the depth of the bent part, one in front of the disk part of each wheel 7 and the width of the said disk. When bar 13 is lifted up by means of tab 14 so that its upper bent-in part rises free of the ledge 16 it swings inward a limited distance turning on pivot 19, the notches 17 straddle the teeth 2 of the respective disks 7. Now when the machine is clear, 2'. 6. when each numeral wheel shows a 0 in the sight holes 21 (Figs. I and III) bar 13 and forward tilted bar 17 carried by it can be pushed all the way up to the end' of the quadrant without carrying any of the numeral wheels back with it. If, however, some of the wheels 7 are not at'0 in the sight hole 21 then the transversely elongated tooth 8 of any such wheel is opposite one of the numbers 11 of the indicator sectors 3 and at that place the bar 15 will engage tooth 8 and drag the wheel back to zero,

i. e. to 0 in the sight opening 21. When.

bar 13 drops back to its position of rest the upper turned in edge of 15 will contact withledge 16 which serves as a cam to turn it This transverse bar 15 as is illus outside of the largest radius described by any of the wheels and where it again serves to widen the finger stop ledge 16.

The carrying mechanism.-My machine is provided with a cross bar 4corresponding to the space bar of a typewriter. The operation ispractically the same as that on a typewriter. The number item is put into the machine by pulling down on the several numeral wheels the number corresponding to the respective numeral positions. Such operation of the wheels sets the carrying mechanism; the depression of the-bar 4 does the carrying and resets the machine, ready to receive another item to be added.

The following is a description of the carrying mechanism: Pivoted on the cross shaft 26 on either end thereof and on both sides of the machine outside the bearing frames 25 is a triple armed piece. (Fig. II.) To the forward arm 5 at the free end is fastened transversely the depression bar 4. The downward extending arm 28 has on it a rack 102 with teeth 45 which mesh with teeth on gear 41 which "is mounted on spindle 39. Just above the rack 102 on rack arm 28 is a backwardly projecting detent 46 against which pin 36 on arbor 34 (Figs. II, III and IV) abuts and which limits the movement of arbor 34 to one revolution for each depression of cross bar 4. On the backwardly projecting arm 29 is an inwardly extending ear 73 to which spring 107 (which returns the depression bar 4) is attached; an end forming a radius on which are saw teeth 77. When bar 4 is depressed'arm 29 rises and teeth 77 push up double swinging pawl 74 which props against them preventing handle 4 from returning up until its downward excursion is complete, whereupon the teeth 77 have passed pawl 74 allowing arm 29 to return by means of spring 107. Teeth 77 now contact with the pawl 74 in'the opposite direction prohibiting depression ofbar 4 until the teeth 77 have again passed pawl 74 which then swings horizontally by means of spring 76 and cross bar 4 has arrived home.

On the end spindles 39 of cross arbor 34, projecting through the bearing frames 25, are mounted pinions 41 (against the out side of said frames). Teeth 42 of pinion 41 mesh with teeth 45 of rack 102. On the end spindles 39 on which said pinion 41 runs, is a groove 38. In the hub of pinion41 isa pawl 43 which drops into groove 38 of spindle 39. On the depression of bar 4 rack 102 is actuated in the backward upward direction as indicated by the arrow thus revolving pinion 41 and arbor 34 until pin 36 projecting from revolving arbor 34 abuts against the detent 46 which moves with the rack 102 in the direction of arbor 34. The contact occurs at the point when the arbor 34 has spun around one full revolution,

whereupon the rack-pinion-arbor movement comes to an abrupt stop. Pawl 48 (Fig. III) drops behind pin 37 and prevents the arbor 34 from backward movement while the depression bar 4 and rack 102 are returned home moving detent 46 away from stop pin 36, and revolving free on spindle 39 pinion 41 backward, one full revolution so that pawl 43 drops into groove 38' to lock pinion 41 to spindle 34 for the next carrying operation.

Arbor 34 has projecting from it radially a spiral row of pins, 35, one pin in the plane of each numeral disk 7. These ins 35 operate on the numeral disks 7 in t e carrying operation by means of a link of two arms 52 and 55 hinged together by stud 53 and pivoted on crossrod 32 (Fig. III). Arm 55 is curved so as to conform to the disk of the numeral wheel 7 against which it rests with a slight pressure made, by spring 50 by means of arm 51. The free end of arm 55 slides backward and forward in a slit 79 of the forward plate of the carrying box (Figs. III, VII and X), which slit 79 also straddles the disk 7 of the numeral wheel. On the bottom of slit is a turned out flap 63 afl'ording large bearing surface upon which55 slides. The bottom of the sliding end 62 of arm 55 is horizontal so that when arm 55 is pulled rearward by a pin 35 (in the revolving arbor 34) abutting against the downwardly projecting arm 54 in line with it, the spur 56 on arm 55 will not engage a tooth 2 of the numeral wheel disk 7. The slight pressure, caused by spring 50 will hold arm 55 against the toothed radius of the numeral disk 7 and the bottom or sliding edge 62 down on friction flap 63. The

contacting of pin 35 with arm 54, at an angle with arm 55 at the pivotal point 53, by the parallelogram of forces, keeps the free end 62 down on flap 63 in the rearward sliding movement. In the return movement of 55 should it tend to rise so that the spur 56 contacts with one of the teeth 2 of disk 7 the spur is so curved as to cause it to glance off without moving numeral wheel.

Whether carrying takes place or not the link movement takes place in every depression of the cross bar 4, arbor 34 spins around one revolution and slides rearward the carrying arms 55 in succession from right to left in the order in which the spiral pins actuate the links mounted on cross shaft If carrying takes place cam 57 (which is normally out of line with sliding arm 55) is pushed over in the same plane and under arm 55 (Figs. III and IX) by means of pin 8, (Figs. V and VIII) on the actuated numeral wheel 7, contacting with the free twisted end 58 (of cam piece 103) (Fig. IX) which rests close against the wheel. Pin 8 pushes it over in a. position in which it is held by a latch 91 which was lifted by the forward excursion of catch (on cam piece 103) and behind which it drops. Cam 57 is:thusv held in the plane of the numeral disk 7 causing the sliding arm 55, when said sliding arm 55 is pulled rearward, to slide up on the cam 57 actuatedby the inclined contacting surface 60 and the sliding edge 62 is thus lifted away from flap 63. Spur 56 now engages with tooth 2 and advances its wheel only one unit, as the actuated wheel is locked as shown in Fig. X. No matter how slowly or with what rapidity and force the carrying bar 4 is depressed, the sliding arms 55 will not jump up and engage their spurs 56 with a tooth 2 of respective Wheels where the carrying cam 57 has not been set by the laterally projecting tooth 8 of an actuated numeral wheel 7 nor will it fail to engage respectively a tooth 2 of a wheel 7 and advance it one and only one unit where the cam 57 is set over, and to lock such wheel or wheels, and keep them locked until the last pin on arbor 34 releases them and allows all the carrying parts to return to their normal unset position.

The carrying box, an end view of which is shown in Fig. X and a cross section in Fig. III is constructed in the following manner: The front piece 78 of the box consists of a piece of sheet metal as shown inverted in Fig. VII having the two ends 90 bent at right angles. At the top are a series of vertical slits 79' to admit slides 55 and the disks 7 of the respective numeral wheels and connecting lateral slits 80 to allow the laterally extending pins 8 of the numeral wheels to pass the plate 78. At the bottom (top in the figure) are a series of bearing holes 82 to admit respectively one of the bearing pins 81 of cam piece 103 (Figs. IX and X).

Fig. VI shows the inside construction of the rear part of the box. 100 isa bottom piece with ends 104 bent up at right angles to overlap the bent up ends 90 of companion piece 78 and to be put together by screws 99 as shown in Fig. X. Part 100 has companion holes 82 opposite holesin7 8. These companion holes form hearings to ivot longitudinally cam pieces 103 at their caring pins 81. Hinge part 98 (of bottom piece 100) and 96 (of the top latch bearing plate 66) are hinged together by means of cross-pin rod 95 thus allowing plate 66 to swing back and forth on 95 as an axis. Along its free upper edge are pivoted latches 68 by studs 69 against plate 66. The heads 91 of the latches are wedge shaped and much wider than their arms. The

7' cause the wed e shaped free ends 91 thereof which'are 1i ed over catches 70'of cam pieces 103 to drop behind them, thus holding-them in their set position. When cam piece 103 has been swung over so that its cam 57 is in linewith carrying arm 55 its catch 70 has also passed by the latch head 91 which holds it in that position until the carrying is done by arm 55. p

It will now be obvious that the'carrying does not takeplace while placing the numbers in the machine, by turning the wheels 7. Supposing for instance, that 29 should'be added to 76, then after placing these two numbers .in the machine, only 95 would show in the readingopening.

When the unit wheel was turned the second time to place 0 under 9, it swung the cam piece 103 over to the left, through the impacting of pin.8 against-the cam piece end 58. In this positionthe cam piece 103 is re-" tained by latch head 91' as described, while now the cam 57 is inserted in the path of the edge 62 on the sliding arm 55 so that when the latter is drawn to the rear by its pin 35, during the depression of the bar 4, this edge 02 is compelled to ride up on the cam 57, causing engagment between the spur 56 and the nearest tooth 2 of the tens-wheel 7. Thus the tens-wheel is turned one step, showing 0 in the opening instead of 9 as before. Nothing has, as yet, happened to the hundreds-wheel 7, but on this last turning of the tens-wheel, the pin or tooth 8 of the latter/rocks the cam piece 103 of the hundreds wheel into the path of the latters arm 55, so that when this arm is pulled back by its pin or finger 35, the hundredswheel- 7 will be turned one step from 0 to 1 by its spur 56, and now 104: will show in the reading opening.

Cam piece 103 is released without lifting the latch 91 thus freeing it at catch 70. The release is caused to all the cam pieces simultaneously after the carrying operation is completed by the pulling backward at its free end of the latch bearing part 66. This frees all the cam pieces 103 at and lets them be returned to their normal position by means of a pressure spring 65 (Fig. III). Latch piece 66 is pulled back in opposition to its spring 66 to free the cam piecesl03 by means of the last spiral pin 35 on the arbor 34. This pin 35 contacts with an arm 5a and produces a link motion pulling arm 7 2 back precisely as arms 55 are pulled back by the other pins 35 on arbor 34. Arm 72 (Figs. II, IIIand X) is fastened to latch bearing part 66 at 71' by means of a stud 71.

In adding 1 to 9,999.99 only the cam piece 103 connecting the second with the first numeral wheel 7 is set to carry before the carrying bar 4 is started to be depressed, but laterally extending pin 8 on each of the adjacent wheels is resting respectively close ried forward making theamount showing in the sight openings 21 read 10,000.00 which forward one place. Its pin 8 sets wheel three .and it is carried one place and so on in successionv until all the wheels have been car- 75 is correct. Any number can be added to or subtracted from, any other number unfailin ly on the part of the carrying mechanism. aving thus described my machine, and not limitlng myself to the precise construction specified, I claim as new and as my in: vention: 1

1. A machine of substantially the class described having a segmental setting up area, a plurality of wheels, each bearmg a series of figures, all of said figures being grouped in a bank coincident with thesetting up area, said wheels being individually movable to cause their figures to traverse selective portions of said area in the setting up movements, and being adapted for actuation by corresponding manual movements, and an operating handle extending substantially parallel with the setting up area and in position to intercept the operators hand moved in continuation of the setting up movement's; said machine also having an ar= resting stop between said handle and the setting up area, and said arresting stop being adapted to traverse the setting up area in a direction opposite to. the setting up movements and having means adapted to engage the wheels in its said movement for the purpose of resetting the counting elements of the machine. j I

2. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a plurality of toothed numeralbearing wheels having every tenth tooth laterally elongated to form face pins, a transverse bar having end extensions hinged concentrically with said wheels, a cross plate provided with teeth and pivotally mounted on the end extensions and lying parallel and behind said transverse bar, so that, when said bar is lifted, said cross plate will swing inwardly and its teeth engage said face pins, thereby setting back said wheels so that Os show in the sight hole.

3. In a machine of the class described having a carrying mechanism and a clearing mechanism, in combination, a, plurality of toothed numeral wheels, a plurality of projections on each wheel, said clearing mechanism being journaled concentrically with the numeral wheels, and a transverse bar hinged to,.and comprising a part of, the clearing mechanism, said transverse hinged bar being adapted to move toward said numeral wheels and being provided with indentations for straddling the wheels, a member holding said hinged bar retracted when saidhinged bar is in a position of rest; said projections being engaged by the hinged bar of said clearing mechanism and by said carrying mechanism during their respective operations. I

4. In a machine of the class described, in combination a plurality of toothed wheels having lateral projections, a cam lever having its free end in the path of the said lateral projections, so that said free end is moved away transversely by the action of said lateral projections in order to project its cam under the next wheel to the left, a carrying device, comprising an oscillating arm, and means connected therewith and engaging with said cam to carry the contiguous wheel one step forward, when the said cam lever-has been moved and said arm is moved as described.

5. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a plurality of toothed numeral wheels each having lateral projections, a number indicator overlying an arc of the wheel, a cam lever to contact with one of said lateral projections on one wheel to set the cam lever, a carrying device comprising an oscillating arm and means connected therewith engaging with said cam lever when the latter has been set, thereby carrying the next wheel one step upon the movement of the arm.

6. In a machine of the class described, in combination, numeral wheels having lateral projections, cam levers adapted to be set by said lateral projections, a hinged latch-bearing piece, a latch thereon for each cam lever holding said cam levers in their set positions, and means for simultaneously releasing said latches when the carrying operation on all the numeral wheels has been completed.

7 In a machine of the class described, in

, combination, numeral wheels having lateral projections, cam levers adapted tobe set by said lateral projections, a hinged latch-bearing plate, a latch thereon for holding said cam levers in their set positions until the carrying operation on all the numeral wheels is comp etc, a carrying device, and means thereupon for pulling back the hinged latchbearing plate to free all the cam levers simultaneously from their respective latches, and means for returning said cam levers to their normal position in line with the respective lateral projections.

' rying operation, an

8. In a machine of the class described, in combination, numeral wheels having lateral projections, cam levers adapted to be set by said lateral projections, a hinged latch-bear ing plate, latches thereon for holding said cam levers, means for pulling back the latchbearing plate to simultaneously. free all the cam levers from their respective latches, thus allowing all the parts to return to their normal unset position.

9. In a machine of the class described, in combination, toothed numeral wheels having lateral projections, cam levers adapted to be set by said lateral projections, a hinged latchbearing plate, a latch thereon for holding said cam levers, a slide under each numeral wheel and in line with its teeth, a link connection for each slide, a tooth on the upper edge of each slide for engaging a tooth on the adjacent numeral wheel during the carincline on the lower edge of each slide, said incline engaging with said cam lever, when the latter has been set, whereby said slide when being actuated is made to rise over the cam lever, thus engaging the tooth on the slide with a tooth on the adjacent wheel thereby advancing the wheel one step and holding it locked until the said latch-bearing plate is pulled back allowing the cam lever to move aside and the slide to drop down out of mesh with the wheel tooth and return to normal position. i

10. A machine of substantially the class described having a' segmental setting up area, a plurality of wheels, each bearing a series of figures, all of said figures being grouped in a bank coincident with the setting up area, said wheels being individually movable to cause their figures to traverse selective portions of said area in the setting up movements, and being adapted for actuation by corresponding manual movements, and an operatin cross bar extending horizontally substantially across the front of the machine and below the setting up area in position to intercept the operators hand moved in continuation of the setting up movements.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature to this specification in the presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH H. BAIR. 

